The Greco-Roman medicine, beyond its reasoning based character, perceived as such since Hippocrates, has been profoundly connected to the supernatural. Religion and magic were alternative ways to science, in men’s attempt to keep the most valuable human value. As understood by the ancient world, like, in fact, in all historical epochs, health represents a priority. The Greeks would place it before beauty (kalos), personal success (ischus), glory (philodoxia) and wealth (chrematismos). One of the fundamental issues under scrutiny is the relation between the scientific medicine, based on reason and knowledge, with the theurgic and magical branches. There was a conflict, a competition, or a constructive cooperation instead? We shall analyze, based on the literary, epigraphic and archaeological sources, the relation and balance between the deity assistance benefiting patients within the temples dedicated to deities with healing attributes, on one hand, and the medical assistance provided by physicians employing scientific principles, on the other hand. Then, we shall try to analyze, shortly and within the limits of the available sources, the contribution of magic to the medical process and its impact in society, in relation to the reason-based medicine and religion. It is almost sure that the relation between the two sides of medicine, the theurgical one and the scientific one, was certainly based on a consciously accepted cooperation. Magic also played an important role in the healthcare employed by ancient man. If scientific medicine is based on observation and diagnosis of human diseases, and religion recognizes gods’ superiority compared to men and appeals to divine help with priests acting as intercessors, magic assigns increased powers to humans, with the capacity of creating advantages that would change the natural sequence of things.