At the time of independence, Moldova had many health care institutions, many healthcare professionals, but little financial means to maintain the work. Since 2004, the national health system has undergone profound changes brought about by the reform of mandatory health insurance. The evolution of the health system in Romania has also gone a long way in the last century. The process of reforming the health system in Romania began in 1990, after the problems of the existing health system were diagnosed within the project "A Healthy Romania. The Republic of Moldova and Romania have gone through the process of reforming the Shemashco health system, centralized and rigid, and have managed to create their own financing and organization systems for medical services, joining the European states which for a long time have adopted the Bismark system , one of the most efficient in the world. Thus, according to the researches elaborated in this study, the level of financing of the health system of the Republic of Moldova is lower than that in Romania, a major problem being the exaggerated share of direct payments in the total health expenditures, as well as the insufficient development of the field of optional insurance of health