The article analyzes the main demographic indicators and the prospective trends of the evolution of the population of the Republic of Moldova until 2035. The demographic decline that occurred in the end of the 90’s of the XX century led to a significant decrease of the population population and to the deepening of the demographic ageing. In the coming decades population decline will continue at rapid pace, annual population decline will fluctuate around 1.1-2%. The con tinuous decrease in the population will be accompanied by significant changes in the number of children, adults and elderly. Demographic trends that are predominant, especially changing the population’s structure (reducing the number and proportion of children in a whole of population, and the significant increase in the number and proportion of the elderly) generate many problems and raise new challenges for the health care system. Significant restructuring of the health care system, modification of the personnel training structure, medical specialties, medical institutions, etc. will be necessary