The burden of tuberculosis (TB) is measured in terms of incidence, prevalence and mortality. The incidence is defined as the number of new and relapse cases arising in one year, the prevalence is the total number of TB cases in one year and mortality is the total number of deaths caused by TB in one year. According to the published data by the Moldavian National Centre for Health Management in 2015, it was registered an important decline of all TB indices in Republic of Moldova (MDA) and a low decrease in Romania. The global incidence in MDA decreased between 2013 and 2015 by 22%, and in Chitinau by 22.4%. A similar vector was established regarding the prevalence (the total number of TB patients), which decreased between 2013 and 2015 in MDA with 23.3%, and in Chitinau with 25.5%. Multiple causes are contributing to this rapid decline of recorded values: the low rate of high risks groups investigated in the frame of active TB screening (the annual chest radiological examination), the high rate of migrant population inaccessible for screening procedures, low health care seeking behavior of the population, high rate of citizens without health insurance and a low accessibility to health care services. The mortality due to TB progression was very high, despite the decreasing trend of morbidity indices. During the 2013-2015 period, the mortality decreased from 16.1 to 8.8 per 100.000 people in MDA, as well as from 10.8 to 6.9 per 100.000 people in Chisinau.