Starting from the historical statement of Prof. Richard Feynman  “There is plenty of space at the bottom”, researchers have succeeded in exploring the matter at the nanoscale, making fascinating scientific discoveries and developing new technologies, materials and devices for the benefit of the modern societies. Nanotechnologies enable one to fabricate devices smaller and smaller, but at the same time more reliable and of higher performance. The fast development of nanotechnologies leads to the disappearance of the boundaries between disciplines and to the emergence of new areas of human activities covering many disciplines. The most striking impact of nanotechnologies has been realized on information and communication technologies. According to social media statistics, nowadays there are more than 3.5 billion active Internet users, more than 350 million photos being uploaded daily in Facebook which is accessed each day by almost one billion people. Nanotechnologies appear to revolutionize the field of medicine: nanobots can enter the body to repair damaged cells, selectively kill sick cells or to provide drug delivery in a reliable and precise fashion. Nanotechnologies gave a strong impetus to the development of cosmetics, and currently successfully penetrate in the areas of agriculture and food industry. In the presentation, the current achievements of nanotechnologies and their impact on modern societies, along with trends in future development will be reviewed.