he task of reducing perinatal and infant mortality remains important. The demographic crisis in the Republic of Moldova is characterized by stable depopulation as a result of birth rates decreasing and very high level of population mortality. One of the most important indicators of child mortality is the infant mortality. Infant mortality is the main demographic indicator of population health that determines reproductive and employment potential of future generations of the country, an indicator of socio-economic conditions of society and quality of health care for women and children. Neonatal mortality plays prevailing role in the structure of infant mortality. There is still unsolved the problem of child mortality during the early neonatal period in three weight categories: survival of children up to 1000 g, 1000-1499 g and full-term babies (≥ 2500 g).