In this paper we have examined some aspects of political and ethical-moral ideas of Francesco Guicciardini, Italian political thinker of the Renaissance in Florence in XIV-XVI centuries. The political and historical context that influenced the views of Guicciardini are revealed. Formation of the political opinions of the thinker occurred on the background of tumultuous events that shook Florence at the intersection of XV-XVI centuries. Brilliant education that he received, as a representative of the aristocratic elite of the city, the possibility of contacting the brightest personalities of humanist thought in the late fifteenth century, as well as the complicated political situation in Florence, spurred him to get involved in solving urgent problems of the state and led him to build up a political position at an early age, which practically will never change until the last days of his life. Consequently, analysis of the Italian philosopher's works not only allows us to understand his historical or ethical concepts, but also his political views are considered in detail. In order to understand Guicciardini's political ideas and for determining his place and role in the historical development of political thought of the Renaissance and the modern age, we must properly evaluate both his political activity and its motivation, and to examine deeply the processes that took place in social and cultural life of the period contemporary to him, environment, in which he was constituted as a person and political thinker