The paper describes in details recognition of Romanian texts of the 17th–18th centuries printed in the Cyrillic script, and their conversion to the modern Latin script. The challenges are discussed, and solutions of problems are proposed. The elaborated technology and a tool pack include historical alphabets, sets of recognition patterns, and spelling dictionaries in the corresponding orthographies for ABBYY Finereader. In addition, virtual keyboards, fonts, a transliteration utility, and the user manual were developed. This permits successful recognition of old Romanian texts in the Cyrillic script. Transliteration to the Latin script grants nobarrier access to historical documents.