The paper contains results on critical study in genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) for the flora of Bessarabia. The genus is represented by 19 species included in three sections: Caninae DC., Rosa, Pimpinellifoliae DC. Biological, ecological and environmental peculiarities of the studied taxa have been highlighted; synonymy and the key to the identification of the species have been prepared. Also, the list of rare rose species has been drawn up, new locations where endangered species grow have been found and chorological data on species previously considered rare have been confirmed and updated.