Background: This research has revealed a number of structural features of the innervation and vascularization of human aorta which arouse great interest for clinicians, recently. The following items were highlighted: a) the variability of the intraparietal nervous and vascular elements of the thoracic aorta; b) regional regularities of their histotopography; c) age and individual peculiarities of the glomic structures of the aorta; d) location of the reflexogenic areas of the aorta. Material and methods: The study was performed on subjects coming to autopsy not more than 24 hours after death. A total 354 human aortas, with mean age from 16 weeks of intrauteral development up to 96 age were examined. A number of research methods have been used: morphometry; histological examination, coloring with Schiff reagent, injectional investigation and anatomical dissection. Results: Dependent and non-dependent gender, age and body type characteristics of the aorta were revealed. Special attention was paid to applied aspects of clinical importance related to the zones of the thoracic aorta. Conclusions: The variability of the shape, size and location of the glomus structures of ascending aorta was described. Macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic structural specific features of the vasculonervous elements of the thoracic aorta were studied from the applied point view.