The diversity of genetic resources is the basis for creating a competitive grapevine assortment. Accumulation and preservation of this diversity in the Republic of Moldova has a rich history and over the past 30 years in the Institute’s Grapevine Gene Pool were introduced about 1100 genotypes, diverse by genotypic origin and with necessary useful traits for breeding programs. The diversity of genus Vitis L. is represented by about 20 species, along with V. vinifera L. is numerically the best represented (92% from all accessions). Introduced genetic resources, new varieties and diversified biological material recently created in institute, including new seedless varieties, are valuable source for continuous modernization of viticulture: diverse direction of grape’s use, including technological processing, seedlessness, early ripening, advanced biological resistance to restrictive factors.