The evolution of the notion "Competitiveness of the National Economy" has been investigated, personal vision of its substantial side on the basis of generalization of the domestic and foreign experience has been grounded, the process of transformation of competitiveness factors under the effect of motive forces of World Economy development. The concept of "competitiveness" is central to the assessment of the countries' positions in the world economy. However, to date, in domestic and foreign scientific community has not developed sufficiently stable system view of competitiveness. Competitiveness - it is a relative concept, which causes necessity comparing the level of competitiveness of various countries on the basis of a system of indicators.