The role of music in the aesthetic education of children. This article is a part of the first chapter of the Doctor’s Thesis. The article describes the evolution of the genre of children’s songs. First, S. Lobel, S. Sapiro, D. Gheorghitse and other composers distinguish the period of their formation with the descriptions of the works. Next, D. Fedov and Z. Tkaci describe the period of the 60s with stress upon composition. Then, the period of the 70s is shown through the creative work of Z. Tkaci and I. Tsibulscaia. Finally the period of the 80s is analysed. This period passed under the sign of the New Folk Wave. As examples of the latter period are given the compositions by I. Macovei, T. Chiriac, E. Mamot, G. Mustea and others. The article stresses two main problems: the content of the ideological subjects and the content of the national characteristic peculiarities of children’s songs regarded in their evolution.