The particularities of the cultural-historical development of the region between the Carpathians and Dniestr. To the problem of interaction of ancient communities of Middle, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The present article first appeared in the volume edited by B.Hansel and Ja.Machnik under the title “Das Karpatenbecken und die osteuropaische Steppe”, published in the series “Südosteuropa-Schiften. B.20/ Prähistorische Archaeologie in Südosteuropa. B.12. “München-Rahden/Wistf. 1998. (p.27-64). Unfortunately, the article was published under a not quite exact title and it was completely devoid of the section dedicated to the Neolithic. As a result all the logical sequence and the essence of the problem were violated. The article is dedicated to revealing of common cultural-historical peculiarities of the development of the region between the Carpathians and Nistru as a relatively independent region. A consecutive consideration of cultural situations, that were being changed in the course of the Neolithic, Eneolithic and the age of bronze in the region between the Carpathians and Dniestr and adjoining regions allows the author to come to the following conclusion. The peculiarities of the cultural-historical development of the region between the Carpathians and Dniestr spring from the geographical situation of the region that is situated at the junction of three large, relatively independent, objectively formed economiccultural types (economic patterns) peculiar to the communities of South-Eastern, Eastern and Middle Europe. A determining role in the originality of the cultural-historical development of the region in the course of discussed and the following epochs is connected with direct and mediated influence, in the first turn, of the communities of the Balkan-Danube region (the bearers of mostly agricultural traditions), and starting with the Eneolithic — with the influence of the communities mostly of the steppe Eastern Europe (the bearers of mostly cattle-breeding traditions) and their interaction. The influence of the Middle-European cultural communities were more considerable but at the same time more sporadic.