Two settlements of Low Bug area of the archaic time (The experience of the comparative characteristics of the material culture of monuments). In the article the sphere of the material culture of two antique agricultural settlements of Low Bug area of the second half of VI — first quarter of V c.B.C. – Old Bogdanovka 2 and Kutsurub 1 is compared. The result of such comparison is the acknowledgement of a number of exiting differences including: in the field of goods – money relations with the local Greek centers Olbia and Berezani (Borysthenes) in quality, quantity and structure of the import, but mainly in nomenclature and specific gravity of aboriginal (is made by hand without using potter’s wheel) ceramics, in the character of inner planning, in way and pace of development of building matter. All these disparities are treated as evidence of serious cultural and ethnic differences of dwellers of the settlements. A conclusion is made that the settlement Kutsurub 1 had a more barbarian and at the same time homogeneous, in comparison with Old Bogdanovka 2, population structure, who mainly came into the Low Bug area from the region of Carpathian-Danube basin. This is mostly the reason for a weaker economic and cultural relations of this settlement with Olbia and Borysthenes in the late archaic time.