The main purpose of the research is to explore the conceptual-theoretical process and the evolution of military structure in the Republic of Moldova for determining and assessing the functionality of the state policy in the national security and defense system. Some objectives refer to: the establishment of political and legal framework, conceptual approaches, theoretical and methodological benchmarks for accomplishing the study of the national security and defense system; analyzing the legal and normative framework for institutionalization and functionality of bodies with responsibilities in the field of national security and defense; studying the objectives, tasks, activities, types and structure of the military body as a whole system, highlighting the general and the particular aspects.