According to the historical data, the territory where our country is situated now, just two centuries ago, had been under forests more than 30 %. Until the beginning of the 20s of the XX century the evolution of their surface continued to decrease. Thus, during 1812 – 1918 the surface under forestry vegetation decreased twice. This process was truly stopped just once, during the nationalization of the majority of forests from the former historical province Basarabia. The growth of the surfaces covered by forests started during the postwar period, after the year 1945, when in the view of the respective aims tens of thousand ha of degraded lands were allocated. Nowadays, when the afforested area of the Republic of Moldova is just 10,7%, when the process of intensified soil erosion and soil sliding, of unfavorable change of hydrologic regime, which are registered now, and in the result of further aridisation of the environmental conditions, forests represent the most important element in the process of ecological equilibrium ensurance in this geographical area. Thus, the problem of conservation and sustainable development of the existing forests, as well as the extension of the areas under forests through the afforestation of the new areas which are not any more good for agricultural utilization, according to all this things it became problem at the national level. After the year 1950 the afforested area of the Republic of Moldova began to grow rapidly. During this period forest regeneration was achieved mostly in an artificial way, from the other side through the application of the clean cutting in the forestry fund, lot cleaning, integrated preparation of the soil and saplings plantation or direct sowings, and from the other side creation of the forestry cultures on the unpractical land for agriculture, which were taken from collective agricultural units or state agricultural units. Thus, during 1945 – 2004, 316699 thousand ha of forestry cultures were planted.