In the article the main aspects of discussion about the ideological dimen-sion of integration processes developing on the post-Soviet space in the last twenty years are analyzed. The author seeks to elucidate some controversial problems of the formation of both civic and national self-consciousness within the framework of the analysis of the post-communist politics. The great atten-tion is paid to the problem of contradiction between the Soviet heritage and the orientation of post-communist elites on the formation of liberal democracy and the modern type of civil society. In its ideological parameters, as well as eco-nomic, political and social characteristics the modern the post-Soviet societies are unique. The problem is that the models created on the basis of the study of the Western democracies are not always applicable to them. The orientation of the new political elite that came to power on the wave of “perestroika” and ap-proved its dominance in the result of the coup d‟Etat in October of 1993 on the formation of the democratic model of liberal society had from its very beginning an ideological character distinctly expressed. The issue remains whether an ef-fective model of the liberal political culture alone, i.e. without active citizens‟ involvement and support, can have the potential not only to transform the Russi-an civilization but also influence the whole post-Soviet space.