Background: There are proposed various methods of treatment of articular syndrome associated with chronic tonsillitis (CT), however, in most cases the desired effect is not reached. The insufficient effectiveness of the treatment measures is, to a certain extent, subject to the underestimation of the immunogenetic role of the etiologic and pathogenetic character of these diseases. Recent years yielded obvious results in studying the correlation between the disease and the histocompatibility complex antigens – HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens). At the foundation of the complex is the phenomenon of its predisposition to various diseases. In the curative approach of chronic tonsillitis, the presence of certain classes of HLA complex genes indicate the need for an early aggressive therapy. It deeply involves into the disease pathogenesis, coding the therapy evolution, prognosis and effects. In order to evaluate the impact of HLA class I antigenic determinants (A and B) on the clinical presentation, evolution and treatment strategy in patients with decompensated chronic tonsillitis associated with the articular syndrome (PSRA or ARF), we observed 101 adult patients aged 16-60 years, clinically and instrumentally diagnosed with decompensated chronic tonsillitis (CT): 50 patients had received conservative treatment and 51 patients were treated surgically. Conclusions: The study of the major antigens has not found an association of HLA class I (A, B) with ARF and rheumatic heart disease (RHD).