In the given article, the author examines not only the notions of ‘profession’, ‘professionalism’ and ‘professional culture’ but also makes concrete suggestions concerning the implementation of these phenomena in the activity of the central and local public administration bodies. At the same time, great attention is paid to the professional development of the public servants in the light of the recently adopted Law on Public Functions and the Status of the Public Servant. The author also analyzes the practice undertaken by other countries such as Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, and Luxemburg in the field of public servants’ professional development.