Public management is a perspective on government and non-profit administration which contends that public and private-sector management are alike in most important ways. As such, there are management tools to be taught to bureaucrats—whether public or private—and those are applied to maximizing [government] efficiency and effectiveness. The scale and complexity of assets involved can be similar in private and public management. However, it is far more likely that the public manager will deal with critical infrastructure that directly and obviously impacts quality of life. It is far more common for a public service, e.g. municipal services, to be a monopoly - to have no competitors whatsoever.