The article presents the role of intellectual property (IP) in the context of the new paradigm of economic development of the Republic of Moldova, oriented towards efficiency and competitiveness. In the globalization era, IP potential to generate income is as important as access to resources or the possibility of having an industrial base. Intellectual products, information and knowledge, spiritual, scientific and cultural potential of the contemporary society are the driving force for sustainable development and determine the economic competitiveness. IP is a key element of a national system of innovation, which in turn is the foundation of the knowledge-based economy. The recent adoption of certain legislative and policy documents, oriented towards knowledge-based development, is a guarantee that our country will manage to become competitive through the creation and effective use of intellectual activity results.