Liability for breach of duty, based on law, is a necessary part of any legal system, of any legal regime. From the day of its establishment, the law has set the requirement of applying a punishment or another negative consequence on the infringer, in the interest of the person that suffered from the breach. The article presented uncovers the concept of one of the basic categories of civil law - legal civil responsibility. The publication contains an analysis of opinions and definitions, put out by scholars-specialists in civil law and science and by the Moldavian legislator.