World environment day annual celebration (5th of June) was started to address the huge environmental issues like wastage and losses of food, deforestation, increasing global warming and others. Environmental protection is being composed of a complex system of national, international and public measures in which a huge role is taken by the environmental components monitoring. According to the legal mandate received by the State Hydrometeorological Service, the Environmental Quality Monitoring Department is performing ecological monitoring of air, surface waters, soil, sediments, aerosols, environmental radioactivity, etc. The air protection is an area which needs a specific and a general approach in all economic sectors also. In order to monitor the air quality there is established a net of 19 stations plased in seven industrial centers of the republic: Chisinau, Balti, Tiraspol, Rîbniţa, Bender, Leova and Mateuti Village. According to the obtained data it is relevant that the most polluted cities remain Chisinau and Balti due to the mobile source of pollution. The values of ambient gamma radiation dose do not exceed the warning limit and are not a danger of polluting the environment or for population. The surface waters monitoring network is covering the transboundary rivers Prut and Nistru, the Danube river and other 31 internal rivers, 6 reservoirs and 2 natural lakes. Since the Prut, Nistru and Danube Rivers have natural capacity for self cleaning their water quality is moderately polluted. The situation unfortunatelly is different for Bic, Ichel, Cogilnic and Lunga Rivers, many cases of pollution being encountered here. Soil is one of the most important resources of the Republic of Moldova which quality, once losted, is very difficult to restore.