In the study Ecclesiastical Historiography in Bessarabia / Moldavian SSR / Republic of Moldova (XIXth – the beginning of XXIth cc.) authors Andrei and Valentina Eşanu make a historical review of the literature, studies, editions of documents and materials on the history of historical Moldova and Bessarabia, and on its ecclesiastical structures, especially (Metropoly, bishops, monasteries, churches, etc.), work of senior hierarchs, interest in religious books, archaeological investigations in the most ancient monastic and, generally, ecclesiastical sites. The study presents the activity of historiography in the four major periods: Bessarabia as a part of Tsarist Russia (1812-1917), in the composition of unified Romania (1918-1940, 1941-1944), under the soviet occupation (June 1940- June 1941, 1944-1990) and the period of independence of the Republic of Moldova (1991-2011). It is emphasized the historiographical work of the most important historians of the Orthodox Church in Moldova and Bessarabia, especially during the nearly two centuries.