Based on a wide and varied range of statistical sources and documentation, this study aims to present the main features of demographic movement of the population of Bessarabia within the period between the two world wars. Following the examination of the difference between the death and birth rate during the reference period, we ascertain an increase in total population of 531 209 people of both sexes or 25 295 people annually. Therefore, Bessarabia population increased from 2,642,000 million people in 1918 to 2, 864,402 inhabitants at the census of December 29, 1930 and reached the impressive figure of 3,173,209 inhabitants by July 1, 1939. Due to this demographic growth, the share of Bessarabia within the total population of interwar Romania increased from approximately 14.0% in 1918 to 15.86% at the census of 29 December 1930 and to 16.0% by July 1, 1938.