The psycholinguistic approach to language teaching has become a topical issue lately. We have chosen this direction to our cognitive research because many of the methods used previously in language teaching have proved to be inefficient. Our study is based on the ideas which stress the congruence between language and thinking as well as between language and culture. A third necessary componentappears, which is of psychic nature – the linguistic identity. The national characteristic of the linguistic identity is reflected in the vocabulary and in the nature of the relationships within the associative-verbal network, which represents the lingual picture of the world. For this reason a reliable way of linguistic identity reconstruction is the associative experiment - a technique that aims to identify the existing associations in a person’s memory which have appeared under the influence of his/her previous experience.