It is undoubtedly the fact that the study of the Romanian language in school represents a great importance because it is the official language of the national state; it is the most overwhelming expression of the nation with a Romanian soul. According to realized researches, the its elaborated and printed curriculum in 1997, authors: Pâslaru Vl., Crisan Al., which was considered a scientific model of this one, the first challenge for the educational reformation in the Republic of Moldova. This Curriculum is also kept nowadays as a prime scientific study for the curriculum planning of the Romanian language and literature. In 1998 on the base of the given Curriculum was elaborated the present Romanian language and literature. In this article we explain that the most important idea of the Romanian language and literature curriculum is the idea that the didactic-educative project was stressed on the teaching-learning language and literature, while today is bases itself on the linguistic and literary competences formation. In the school curriculum appeared in 2010 we quote that the accent change in the school curriculum construction from objectives onto competences is entirely justified, because this way of projection mainly refers to final valuable teaching acquisitions, which, valorified actionable manner and connected to society’s expectations, form certain personality characteristics. Romanian language and literature curriculum based on competences requires a new attitude towards the pupil, treating him/her as a subject of his own communicative-linguistic and literary-artistic formation. In this subject we’ll speak exclusively about the communicative, linguistic, valuable and literary competences. Linguistic education is the field of the cultured communicative competences formation and development, through the knowledge of the language systems (phonetic, lexical, grammatical and stylistic) and the closer engagement of pupil in the producing of the communicative acts. The main goal of the linguistic education is the cultured native language formation – Romanian, and of the knowledge and communicative assumption in every field of the human life. Literary – artistic education is the formation field of the reader interested in literature. In the article were analyzed different opinions of researchers in the field: Vl. Pâslaru, S. Cristea etc.