Background: Most of the papers related to plastic surgery of inguinal canal do not pay attention to various post-operative complications that can be a cause of disturbances of spermatogenesis and infertility. Based on this, the aim of the study was to compare histological and ultrastructural modifications within the testis after herniotomia with those from testis in patients with non-operated indirect inguinal hernia Material and methods: The methods of histology and electron microscopy were applied to 35 testis specimens (including 9 tissue samples obtained by biopsy), taken from men aged from 22 to 35 years old, who were ill with indirect inguinal hernia and underwent plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal by Bassini method 3-5 years before. Results: It was established that after surgery the diameter of convoluted seminiferous tubules was (153.42 ± 5.44) mcm versus (178.62 ± 11.25) mcm for patients with hernia, the number of spermatocytes and spermatids was 83.22 ± 2.86 and 167.10 ± 5.38 versus 137.19 ± 4.32 and 285.61 ± 5.97 in case of indirect inguinal hernia. The volume of nuclei of interstitial cells was (73.99 ± 0.98) mcm3 versus (85.27 ± 3.11) mcm3 for patients with hernia. The ultrastructural changes in the proper tunic of convoluted seminiferous tubules and supporting epithelial cells, revealed in deformation of mitochondria, ultrastructures of the Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum, are more marked after plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. Conclusions: Thus, the obtained morphometric data on testis structures indicate that plastic surgery on inguinal canal is an additional trauma for the sex gland, requiring especially careful attitude to spermatic cord.