The Republic of Moldova reports the highest incidence of tuberculosis (114,3/100 000) and the lowest level of succes in its treatment (52,3%) among the european region countries. In most of the patients (90%), the antituberculosis treatment failure is correlated with social risk factors (low social and economic status, problematic social-epidemiological categories of the population) and biological ones (young age, male sex, some physiological conditions, associated deseases). Clinical risk factors (the heavy clinical forms with chronic evolution), therapeutic risk factors (the empiric treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, treatment interruptions, the individualisation of the standard treatment) and administrative risk factors (interrupted supplying, suboptimal treatment quality, the presence of expired drugs, bad storing conditions) prevail in the regions with the defficiencies in the management of the heath care system. The combination of the risk factors is aqcuiring more importance than the threat of just one risk factor. The study of the risk factors before the beginning of the tuberculosis treatment is important for taking the risk reduction measures and increasing the succes rate.