The article deals with the results of the microbiological monitoring during the observation of the patients with community-acquired pneumonia, who have been admitted to a hospital therapeutic department. The quantitative criteria for assessing the etiological significance of microorganisms isolated from sputum have been proposed. The microbial landscape in the presence of community-acquired pneumonia have been studied, the prevalence of the fungi of the genera Candida, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp have been found. The differences in the etiological structure of pneumonia caused by monocultures and the microbial associations have been identified. The microbial associations including 2 to 4 microorganisms have been examined. While evaluating the susceptibility of pathogens to antibiotics a high proportion of multi-drug resistant strains has been established. The fact that the microbial associations demonstrate a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance compared to monocultures has been proved. So, it has been established that the microbial associations manifest a greater stability and a higher resistance to the disinfectants compared to the single-associant microbes that form these associations. We have proved the efficacy of the microbiological monitoring organized along with the observation of patients according to the developed parameters. The ways of improving the microbiological monitoring system for epidemiological surveillance of communityacquired pneumonia have been suggested.