Modern economies can grow and develop only when entire spectrum of activities that ultimately generate innovations are efficiently organized. Without ensuring the generation of innovations, country’s economy cannot be regarded as being sustainable, but research and innovation cannot take place otherwise then on entire chain: education - research - economy. Moldova’s economy, unfortunately, is taking part from the group of economies that grow without innovation. It is undoubted in this regard the need to change the perception of Moldovan political elite on the importance of the research and innovation. But, it is no less imperative to ensure optimization and transformation of the entire research and innovation sector of Moldova to boost performance and creativity, both in public research institutions and institutions of higher education.