In the context of knowledge and social perception’s evolutions, the pain, from a simple symptom, became today, a multidisciplinary and globally problem, and pain treatment – a Fundamental Human Right. Are reported epidemiological data about acute and chronic pain, are passed in review Republic of Moldova’s realities regarding social and professional perceptions of pain, pain evaluation and treatment. Here are presented modern points of view about pain physiology and perception, multidimensional structure of pain symptome and pain syndrome. Also, the authors bring to us information about pain scientific concept’s evolution and the role of new pharmacological discoveries in pain treatment. It is formulated a new approach, a new perception frame of pain problem, which is composed of medico-biological, structural, managerial, practical, clinical, economical, socio-cultural, socio-political, juridical, didactical and educational aspects. Here you can find the 10 principles of pain evaluation and treatment which underlie the concept of „Pain Free Hospital”.