The present article is devoted to the re-socialization of persons in the process of criminal punishment without imprisonment. The Republic of Moldova’s inclusion in the European process should induce us to follow the most developed standards in penitentiary sphere. Development of the service of the execution of punishments, not connected with imprisonment, is defined by the modern criminal-legal policy of the state directed on expansion of application of punishments, alternatives to imprisonment, concerning the persons who have committed crimes of small and average seriousness. Expansion of the sphere of the application of punishments not connected with imprisonment gives people who have lost their way in life a real right to re-socialization without isolation from society, necessity in which arises in case of a social deviation in behaviour of the subject caused mainly by social breakdown. As an indicator of the efficiency of the process of re-socializing criminals without imprisonment, it is possible to consider the following: their successful adaptation to a life in society; employment, safe relations with relatives (wider activity on restoration of communication with relatives); acquiring socially-positive links; revealing and eliminating reasons and conditions promoting perpetration of crimes and avoiding further crimes; complex general-preventive and individuallypreventive actions; increasing the level of social-psychological adaptation and spiritual development of the person. The resolution of these problems will create conditions for transition to an essentially new quality of the functioning of the domestic criminal justice system regarding the execution of punishments not connected with imprisonment.