The international political processes of the 18th century as well as the political situation created in the Eurasian region at the end of that century put Russia on new and controversial geostrategic positions. At the beginning of the 19th century in front of the Russian Empire appeared the perspectives of strengthening its influence in Central Europe, assertion in the Middle East and expansion in Asia. At the same time, Russian policy came into conflict with the aspirations of Napoleonic France to establish its hegemony in Europe and the Middle East; England, in its turn, sought to manipulate Russia in its struggle against France and to strengthen its advantage in the world in the industrial, colonial and naval fields. An important direction of Russian diplomacy became the fight against the spread of revolutionary movement in Europe. It should be noted that in European competition Russia was increasingly affected by the decline of economic growth.