The article is devoted to the problems connected to translation theory and practice. The author makes the comparative analyses of different approaches to this issue. While early research focused mostly on linguistic differences between speakers, modern approach, which the author supports, tends to be based on translator’s knowledge of cultural differences between nations. She argues that good translation should reveal nations’ attitude to domestic relations, love, family life, history, religion. The author analyzes the examples of translating literature texts from Romanian into Russian and offers a number of theoretical and practical conclusions. She tries to show that language is a reflection of social reality using special words and syntactic constructions.

În articolul dat sînt cercetate unele probleme ale teoriei şi practicii traductologice. Autorul face o analiză multilaterală prin exemple concrete a procesului de traducere, demonstrînd influenţa lingvistică, socio-culturală, etnologică asupra atitudinii traducătorului faţă de original. Bazîndu-se pe rezultatele studierii lingvistice ale textelor traduse din română în rusă,cercetătorul deduce concluzii practice asupra reflectării obiective a realităţilor existenţiale în structurile lexico-semantice şi contextual-istorice a textului tradus.