The presence of the wild cat (Felis silvestris Schr.) in Galaţi County (Romania) and in the lower floodplain of the Prut River. This is the first study dealing with the geographical distribution of the wild cat in this region. Original contributions are based on field investigations and valuable documentary material. Despite being a predator, this mammal represents an important link in the trophic chain, maintaining therefore the biocoenotic balance. The very existence of this species within the studied territory is very important in itself, given that the area has been subjected to a severe human impact. While in Galaţi County the species situation is labeled as “critically dangerous”, in the Republic of Moldova the diagnostic reads “endangered species”. In view of the rarity and significance of this species for the local fauna and of the conservation of biodiversity for sustainable development, the wild cat was put on the Red List of animal species both in the Republic of Moldova (2002) and in Romania (2005).