In the given article, the author investigates Gagauz customs and rites connected with the preservation of posterity: symbolical adoption, ritual theft of the child, imitation of a “new” birth of the child, change of godparents, the tradition of double names, etc. The care of delivering healthy children had a significant place in the question of preservation of posterity, which included the observance of ritual bans on women’s kinds of work with sharp and cutting objects (scissors, needles, knives) on certain calendar holidays, etc. It is noted that many of the customs and rites examined in the article, which were based on a pagan outlook, are still observed by the Gagauz of Moldova and Bulgaria. Similar customs and rites were widespread among the Bulgarians.