The synthesis of new genome of grapevine continued for 137 years. The waking of synthesis has begun by professor A.P.Wylie (1868 - 1871) in USA. Preliminary synthesis continued for 96 years. For the first time, Professor A. P. Wylie has crossed the species of Vitis vinifera L. with V. rotundifolia Michx. and created hybrids of F1 . The author underlined that hybrids are obtained only in the case, when in quality the plant-mother are utilized Vitis vinifera L. and plant-father Vitis rotundifolia Michx. L.R. Detjen (1919) has crossed again Vitis rotundifolia Michx. with Vitis vinifera L. and other species of subgenus Euvitis and also created hybrids of F1 . After Patel and Olmo (1955), R. T. Dunstan (1962-1964) by backcrossing N.C. - 6-16 x Black Rose has obtained DRX-55, DRX-58-5, DRX-60-24 and other. We proceeded on synthesizing new genome of vine from 1980. The methods used are backcrosses of “vegetal mule’’ - DRX-55 (2n=39) with Seyve Villard, as well as, initial species, polyploidy forms and many varieties of V. vinifera. Since 1983, we have obtained 4 generation of distant hybrids at which regular meiosis and partially or completely restoration of fertility have been. Among the hybrids of F5 , 4 artificial species were distinguished: Vitis vinifolia, V.rotundifera, V.cruceştiana, V.nigra. Only these species are growing on own roots, are blossoming and are fertilizing normally because they contain a new genome equal n=19, 2n=38, but not as at interspecifi c hybrid V. vinifera x V.rotundifolia DRX-55 (2n=39). The new grape genome is the basis of solving the world problem of phyloxera. 19th , 20th centuries were dedicated to fight to the phyloxera, which destroyed practically ~ 6 mln ha of vineyard from the Europe during several decades. In consequence of these enormous damages, there took place a drastic break in the world viticulture – transition from own root crop of grape (Vitis viniferaL.) to the cultivation of vine engrafted on American parent stock resistant to phyloxera. At present, the synthesis of the new grape genome is, unquestionably, one of supreme scientifi c and practical accomplishments, proving opportune possibilities of gradual reverse transition – from the technology of the cultivation of the engrafted vine to own root crop of grape. Key words: distant hybrid, vinifera, rotundifolia, vinifolia, rotundifera, cruceştiana, nigra, backcross, synthesis of new genome, artificial species