About three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union and its independence, but also in the context of the war in Ukraine, the eastern part of the Republic of Moldova remains a topic of discussion in the speeches of Western and national political leaders. . The events in 2014 in eastern Ukraine, culminating in the occupation of the Crimean peninsula by the Russian Federation, as well as the invasion or „special operation” of the Russian Federation in Ukraine conditioned the manifestation of an increased interest in the Transnistrian area. The Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine has brought the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova back to the forefront. Positioned between Moldova and Ukraine, the Transnistrian area is a geopolitical consequence of the Cold War. The purpose of this article is to highlight the situation regarding the presence of military personnel, but also of Russian weapons in the Transnistrian area. The interests of the Russian Federation in the eastern part of the Republic of Moldova are also highlighted.