Background and aim of the project: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a relatively common BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm within the structure of morbidity by hematologic malignancies with primary bone marrow (BM) involvement, being characterized in the advanced phases by a relapsing evolution, sizable disease burden, poor prognosis and negative socio-economic impact. The aim of the manuscript was the assessment of disease burden and management options in CML patients in the Republic of Moldova and globally. Participants: The patients’ age ranged between 14-81 years old. The median age was 51.4 ± 2.13 years. There were 78 (58.2%) males and 56 (41.8%) females. The ECOG score varied between 1-3. Material and Methods: We performed the unicentric, analytical, case-control study of 134 CML patients, who were treated and followed up in the period of 2007 – 2022 at the comprehensive cancer center – Institute of Oncology from Moldova. The quantitative real-time PCR was used in order to determine the expression of the BCR-ABL gene p210 and p190 transcripts while proceeding CML diagnosis. The study was related to the ambulatory and hospitalized care. Interventions: Imatinib mesylate and nilotinib were used as a front-line therapy in the newly diagnosed CML patients and in the cases of resistance to non-TKIs chemotherapy and interferon-α. The treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was provided as a donation by The Max Foundation via Max Access Solutions (MAS) program. Results and data analysis: The diagnosis of CML was established in chronic phase in 122 (91,04 ± 2,32%) patients, in the accelerated and acute phases – in 12 (8,96 ± 2,03%). The rate of Ph-chromosome-positive BM cells ranged between 20-100%. In the majority of cases (72.7%) the Ph-chromosome was detected in over 70% of the BM cells. BCR-ABL p210 transcript range was 14-100%. In most cases (69.8%) the BCR-ABL gene transcripts were identified in over 65% of the peripheral blood cells. Under the TKIs therapy the complete clinical-hematologic response was achieved in 92.8% of cases, and the complete molecular response – in 30.4% of cases. The overall oneand 5-year survival of CML patients treated with TKIs was 98.5% and 89%, respectively. The patients’ ECOG score was recovered up to 0-1, with the regression or considerable reduction of the disease burden. IFN α-2b was used in rare cases of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and TKIs, with partial response. In the majority of CML patients (79%) treated initially with the conventional chemotherapy, only the minor cytogenetic response was obtained (Ph-chromosome range: 60-100%). Conclusions: MAS program may be considered as an efficient and transparent management option to ensure CML patients with potentially curable medications in the emerging regions countries regardless the age, gender and social categories. This program is based on an expanded partnership with local cancer centers from low- and middle-income countries, reaching oncologic patients with life-threatening conditions in order to provide a portfolio of life-saving antineoplastic drugs on a regular and equity basis.