The study represents an overview of the evolution of the national policy of the Russian Empire in Bessarabia and the attitude of the imperial dignitaries towards the Romanian language in the 19th century. The author points out the features of the national policy of the Russian emperors, but also highlights some common elements: the policy of the tactic “capitulation”, which lasted, broadly, until in the 1960s of the 19th century, with a view to encapsulate and homogenize Bessarabia within the Russian Empire. After 1866, when gradually implying the Romanian danger, all types of Bessarabian schools that have been founded in the first half of the 19th century, in which either there was taught the Romanian language (Parish primary schools) or the Romanian language was a school discipline (Gymnasium and Theological Seminary of Chisinau, a series of County schools) have been closed.