Beginning with defining the modernization/modernism as an effort of ,,burning the steps” passed through by the Western European countries, this study substantiates with reasons the thesis, according to which the Declaration of the Sfatul Ţării from 1918 March 27/ April 9 concerning the Union of Bessarabia with Romania was the essential precondition of the effort of political, social-economical and cultural modernization. This very effort was on the one hand crowned with indisputable achievements in various areas of activity, but on the other hand it determined an incomplete, sometimes even distorted assimilation of some fundamental aspects of the European modernism.