Culture tradition of plum (Prunus domestica L.) between rivers Nistru and Prut (actual Republic of Moldova) dates back to almost 2000 years ago. Processed plumes (prunes) having important socio-economic and heritage value being intensively exported. Starting from the 18-19 centuries plums there are cultivated practically in all home garden (domestic orchards). According investigations of exploration main of them are named: Vinete de Tiraspol, Rotunda-1, Bardace, Bardace 3, Bardace 5, Goldani ciornaia, Prune moldoveneєti, Vinete de Valcinets, Prune moldovenesti. During the 1800 years in the territory of actual RM there were intensively established commercial plums orchards on the basis of local, as well as introduced European varieties. Factually in the RM more than 25000 private farmers there are involved in the production of fruits, especially plums. As consequence of dynamic expansion and reconversion of fruit trees plantation occurred. Of course, at the same time continue to be abandoned and lost old plum genotypes. Now practically plum (including 1-2 old varieties) grow in all local yards and orchards, dried plumes (prunes) continued to having significant socio-economic and heritage value. There are promoted significant change of the agriculture in general, that moved from the land-owner old style management to the modern intensive farming. Old catalogues of 7-10 main local nurseries listed a lot of varieties. As consequence a dynamic expansion and reconversion of fruit trees plantation occurred. Therefore, evaluation and establishment of germplasm of old local plums genotypes/varieties are indispensable. All representative accessions were selected in north and central different pomological zones of the Republic of Moldova. Major characterization characteristics of the plants and fruits of old varieties were conducted using UPOV descriptor, field evaluations were based also on IBPGR plum descriptors. Chemical evaluation of created, selected, introduced varieties and hybrids, being performed on the laboratory of biochemistry as well as in the department for Food technology. The following parameters were examined: total sugars and organic acid content, vitamin C content; soluble dry material; non soluble solids substances, total phenol content. In this study was determine main fruits characteristics such as fruit weight, firmness, titratable acid content and soluble solid substances and important phenological periods such as harvest of these genotypes. Visual survey of the phytosanitary status (first of all tolerance to PPV on fruits and leaves) was also carried out. Actually, in the Republic of Moldova plum continue to be one of the principal fruits of peasant domestic orchard, especially for vegetative propagated old varieties. In the same time there are promoted significant change of the agriculture in general, that moved from the land-owner old style management to the modern intensive farming. As consequence a dynamic expansion and reconversion of fruit trees plantation occurred. Of course, at the same time continue to be abandoned and lost old plum genotypes. Therefore, evaluation and establishment of germplasm of old local plums genotypes/varieties are indispensable. It is necessary to conduct in situ and on-farm inventories of plum genfond. It is important also to notice that after characterization of main biological and fruits indicators we establish that differences between accessions are notable, especially concerning organoleptical and eating qualities. Main representative local plum variety there is Vinete de Moldova with short description. Synonym: Vengherka moldavskaia. A lot of centuries was growth (multiplicated) by shoots. Spreading: It is widespread all over in the rep. of Moldova and in the nearby regions of Romania and Ukraine. From 1998 year this cultivar is registered for large propagation in the Republic of Moldova. A d a p t ed to different soils and the moderate continental climate conditions. Harvesting time: fruits mature in late August and early September and in the north part of Moldova - in the middle of September. Used value of the fruit: of jam called ‘povidla’, jam, compote, sweet, brandy, but mainly for drying. The tree: Medium-vigorous. The crown is dense and wide-pyramidal. The scaffold branches are well-covered with fertile twigs. Leaves: Elliptic, medium to large size, dark green color. Younger trees have larger leaves. Leaf stem is medium thick, short to medium long, green or greenish-red color. Flower: Medium-large, white with elongated petals. Pistils and stamens are in the same level. Some Physiological traits: Vigor: Medium. Blossoming: on medium period and explosive. For one day 50 to80% of the flowers can be opened. Self-fertile variety. Productivity: there are many biotypes that differ in size of the fruit and yield. Fruit characteristics. Size and shape: standard Vinete de Moldova fruits are small to medium, weighing approximately 19-23 g, and there are types of fruit with a mass up to 25 g. The fruit is of prolonged ovoid form with oval shape. Fruit powder: well defined. Fruit skin: dark blue color with pronounced fruit powder, moderate thin, easy to separate of flash. Fruit flesh: golden to green, moderate juicy, firm, sweet and sour, excellent quality. Stone: small, elongated shape. Stones are easily separated from fruit flesh (freestone). Significantly to notice that created in Rep Moldova plum assortment for long time there was principal for orchard establishment. In the last time the most important for fresh consumption and 1-3 month preservation there are important local with late maturation varieties Udlinennaia and Super president, obtained from controlled hybridization. In the conditions of climate changes some old local as well as new created Moldovan plum varieties (especially Udlinenaia and Super president) represent a permanent source for important genetic traits, for instance: different desirable nutritional qualities, new type of processing, good capacities for transportation and relative long time of preservation within controlled conditions. Good resistance to extreme agro-ecological conditions, resistance to economically significant harmful biologic agents also there are present.