This article presents the results of scientific research on some physiological processes in the energy crops Miscathus x giganteus 'TITAN' and Sorghum almum 'ARGENTINA', grown under the conditions of the central area of the Republic of Moldova, the dry biomass yield and quality indices of the obtained solid biofuels. The obtained results show the establishment of the physiological-biochemical activity in the species M. x giganteus by the values of the indices of photosynthesis intensity (3.39-8.682μmol m-2 s-1), in correlation with the intensity of transpiration (0.59-2.02 mmol m-2 s-1), respiration (0.02 mol m-2 s-1) and the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)(320-385. μmol m-2 s-1). Comparative values of the resulting indices were established simultaneously for the species S. almum, with the values estimated in the process of photosynthesis (15.77-17.18 μmolm-2 s-1), the intensity of transpiration (1.26-1.84 mmol m-2 s-1 ) and the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) 1061-1565 μmol m-2 s-1. These results show that the values of photosynthesis and PAR indices are more active and higher in M. x giganteus as compared with the values of the indices of sorghum. The biochemical parameters were subsequently determined by laboratory analyses. It was established that the dry biomass yield in the second season reached 1.18-189 kg/m2, with a content of 45.23-45.64% carbon, 5.76-5.91% hydrogen, 0.25-0.40% nitrogen, 0.05-0.06%sulphur, 1.25-4.40% ash, 18.99-19.20 MJ/kg gross calorific values and 17.30-17.45 MJ/kg nett calorific values. The specific density of briquettes reached 770-850 kg/m3 and the specific density of pellets 970-1070 kg/m3. The local cultivars of M. x giganteus and S. almum may serve as feedstock for renewable energy production.