In philosophy and in science there are different views, ideas concerning the origin and the essence of what we call "a human being". Among these should be mentioned the theological conception, the idealistic one, the materialistic one, those of social biologism and of social Darwinism, etc. The contemporary science states that a human being is a biopsychosocial entity, i.e. three factors contributed to the appearances and existence of the human species: the biological factor, the psychological one and the social one. The great thinker Aristotle asserted that a human being is a political animal. In his opinion a man is a reasonable animal that thinks, has a soul, makes tools and lives in a society. Such philosophers as Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, St.Augustine stated that the soul doesn't depend on the body, it experiences a process of reincarnation in other bodies which is called "metempsychosis". Sigmund Freud, one of the founders of the psychoanalytic method, considered that there are two basic propensities defining the human nature: the aspiration for life which is in a way identical to the sexual attraction and the instinct of death, whose aim is to destroy the living. The human being problem must be studied within the systems: "Human being – the social environment" and "Human being – the natural environment" as a man's life depends on both socio-economical, political, spiritual relations and natural phenomena.