The problem of soil and water pollution has accelerated with the development of organic synthesis technologies, which has led to the appearance of considerable quantities of non-biodegradable substances and materials: fertilisers, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, phosphates, petroleum substances, detergents, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc. The removal of many pollutants from water, soil and air presents a problem at the global level, and the increase in the concentration of toxic substances in the environment leads to the appearance of diseases in all systems of living organisms. An environmentally friendly solution to pollutant removal is the process of adsorption, and in particular adsorption on activated carbons. Activation is one of the processes for modifying carbonaceous materials and consists in the partial oxidation of carbonized from the layers of its structure, using steam, carbon dioxide, hydroxides or alkali metal carbonates as activating agents. During this process, the surface and porosity of the carbonized organic material increases, as a result, activated carbons are obtained - the most widespread adsorbent, having the widest uses. The Laboratory of Ecological Chemistry has a rich history and experience in the synthesis, regeneration and study of carbon adsorbents. The first activated carbons in the laboratory were obtained in the early 90s using chemical activation methods. At the moment, in the Laboratory of Ecological Chemistry, various processes are developed and used to obtain carbonic adsorbents: chemical activation, classic physico-chemical activation with water vapor, microwave treatment, hydrothermal and fluidized bed activation. For more than 30 years, activated carbons have been obtained from local agricultural waste, but also from non-biodegradable materials such as used polymers and tire pyrolysis residues. The synthesized carbon adsorbents have been used in water treatment processes, in the pharmaceutical field and as catalysts.