Earthquakes are natural hazards which can cause economic losses, malfunctioning of engineering structures, social chaos and even casualties. The most ubiquitous seismic risk in Moldova is coming from the Vrancea Mountains of Romania, which caused considerable losses during the XXth century. If an earthquake similar to the past ones would occur today in Moldova (Mw=7.8), the consequences would be devastating, the main reason being the high number of old and unstable building structures. It is important to evaluate the state of the building stock of Moldova in order to define the capacities of these existing structures to withstand another major seismic event, because it is known that not the earthquake is causing losses, but the falling structures.