The aim of the study was modeling experimental dental caries and evaluating the efficiency of the anthocyanins extract in preventing dental caries in a rat model. The study was carried out on a sample of 90 white rats in accordance with the ethical standards. The efficiency of the preventive measures were evaluated by determining the rate of dental caries and the index of dental caries reduction relative to the control group, the number of cavities or areas affected by dental caries for each animal. The microstructure and morphology of enamel were studied by using the method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness of the enamel samples was analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a result of the topical application of the anthocyanins extract in laboratory animals, the number of carious cavities was significantly reduced, and there was observed a reduction of the enamel roughness degree in comparison to the control group. These results justify the further implementation of this method in clinical conditions.