In August 2021, the longest war in the history of the United States and NATO countries - the war in Afghanistan - ended. Western coalition soldiers fled Afghanistan, and the internationally recognized government led by President Ashraf Ghani surrendered, marking the victory of the ultra-conservative Islamic Taliban movement, which for 20 years offered armed resistance to foreign military presence in the country. In the territories occupied by the Taliban, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which they created in 1996, was revived and Sharia law began to operate. This has been criticized by Western states and neighboring countries, which fear that a religious renaissance in Afghanistan will pose a threat to regional and international security. The Taliban-created interim government is now isolated in the international arena, leading to a rapid deterioration in the already difficult economic situation in Afghanistan. The author of the article analyzed the state of economic security of post-war Afghanistan and the prospects of the new Afghan government to find a way out of the economic crisis, which threatens more than 23 million inhabitants of this country with hunger.